Today, Eddie Rawls' whereabouts are unknown. Photograph: Bettmann/Corbis, Bob Dylan's single of Hurricane, 1975. Another man, John Royster, who has been described in trial records as something of a local barfly, was in the passenger seat. Artis put off college and got a job driving a truck for a local food deliverer. The Lafayette Grill is now called Len's Place. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. if you watch even one of my videos i just wanted to say thank you for making my dreams come true :) [7] At 5ft 8in (1.73m), Carter was shorter than the average middleweight, but he fought all of his professional career at 155160lb (7072.6kg). Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, the US boxer whose wrongful conviction for murder caused an international outcry, dies aged 76. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Remembering Just Fontaine and His World Cup Record, The Man Behind the First All-Black Basketball Team, 8 Times Brothers Have Faced Off in a Championship, Every Black Quarterback to Play in the Super Bowl, Soccer Star Christian Atsu Survived an Earthquake. Returning to New Jersey, he was re-arrested and returned to a home for older boys. No guns were found. Rubin Carter was born in 1899, in United States. Captor, who recognized Carter, politely told the three men that there had been a shooting, and then let Artis drive away. Remembering Just Fontaine and His World Cup Record, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Rubin Carter, Birth Year: 1937, Birth date: May 6, 1937, Birth State: New Jersey, Birth City: Clifton, Birth Country: United States. Rubin "Hurricane" Carter was a self-admitted street thug, having spent several years in juvenile detention for muggings. [22] Bello later claimed that in return he was promised the U$10,500 reward offered for catching the killers, though it was never paid. "I request only that McCallum be granted a full hearing by the Brooklyn conviction integrity unit, now under the auspices of the new district attorney, Ken Thompson. Bello stepped over the bleeding bodies and took $62 from the cash register. Beginning in 1980, Carter developed a relationship with Lesra Martin, a teenager from a Brooklyn ghetto who had read his autobiography and initiated a correspondence. Carter was released on bail on March 17, 1976, to await a second trial. [13][38], Prosecutors therefore could have tried Carter (and Artis) a third time, but decided not to, and filed a motion to dismiss the original indictments. He was 51 and had volunteered to tend bar that night because his girlfriend a widow named Betty Panagia, who owned the Lafayette and lived in Saddle Brook had been putting in long hours as Oliver recovered from a recent hernia operation. Congress had passed landmark legislation to expand civil rights and social programs to eradicate poverty. He is survived by a daughter and a son of his first marriage. All rights reserved. [citation needed] During his visit to London to fight Scott, Carter was involved in an incident in which a shot was fired in his hotel room. His mother's name is Alonna Rubin, and nothing is known about his father. Again, here is where the tales by the prosecution and defense split into distinctive sets of facts. Oliver died instantly, police say. However, he was wrongly convicted of a triple murder. In December 1963, in a non-title bout, he beat the then-welterweight world champion, Emile Griffith, in a first round KO. Looking back now, both sides in the case are still deeply split over whether police had any reason to be suspicious of Carter and Artis. View this post on Instagram. Plus, Artis was worried about being drafted into the Army and being sent to Vietnam. Lawless had another important case to resolve a killing in another bar that night. With death arriving instantly, Nauyoks slumped on the bar, seemingly asleep, a cigarette still burning between his fingers when police arrived, his shot glass still standing on the bar next to cash to pay for his drink, his right foot still propped on the chrome leg of his bar stool. Nevertheless, on June 29, 1967, Carter and Artis were convicted of triple murder and sentenced to three life prison terms. Caruso also noticed that shooting victim Willie Marins, who failed to identify Carter even after Carter was brought to the hospital where he was being treated was, in fact, familiar with Carter's face and should have recognized him. Both were black. 159 Rubin Carter Boxer Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Images Images Creative Editorial Video Creative Editorial FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 159 Rubin Carter Boxer Premium High Res Photos Browse 159 rubin carter boxer stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Of Artis, Barnes said, "I always called him a wannabe. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. Not even the precise time of the shootings is certain. Carter received the Abolition Award from Death Penalty Focus in 1996. Paterson's current mayor, Marty Barnes, who knew Carter and Artis in the 1960s, said the two "didn't really hang together." He was wrongfully convicted of murder and spent almost 20 years in jail, before being released after a petition of "habeas corpus." Born in New Jersey, US, he became a juvenile offender for stabbing a man at 11 years of age. ", The report, written by a polygraph expert brought in from the Elizabeth Police Department, said Carter did not participate in the killings "but had knowledge as to who was responsible. Their efforts intensified after the summer of 1983, when they began to work in New York with Carter's legal defense team, including lawyers Myron Beldock and Lewis Steel and constitutional scholar Leon Friedman, to seek a writ of habeas corpus from U.S. District Court Judge H. Lee Sarokin. The death of Leroy Holloway, 48, the bartender-owner of the Waltz Inn, bore three distinct parallels to the Lafayette Grill shootings. His first encounter with the law came at the age of 14. Rubin Hurricane Carter, Ken Klonsky (2011). Conforti was eventually convicted of second-degree murder and spent almost 15 years in prison. Carter died Sunday at his home in Toronto, Canada. "There was something really wrong," said Richard Caruso, a former Essex County sheriff's detective who was part of a team of investigators assigned by the Passaic County Prosecutor's Office to reexamine the killings in 1975. [18], The defense, led by Raymond A. Carter . Hogan, who assisted Carter and Artis in their appeals, would later become a controversial figure himself. To study the original case records now is to walk a path littered with perplexing questions and strands of facts that have been woven into myth. In the 1976 retrial, Bello withdrew his recantation and said Carter was at the scene with a shotgun. And from there, other mysteries would spread like those haphazard mirror cracks mysteries (and pieces of mysteries) that have endured for 34 years. "It was," said Lawless, "like a slaughterhouse.". Eddie Rawls was a bartender at the Nite Spot, a tavern just five blocks from the Lafayette Grill, on 18th Street. She died in 1984 of liver cancer. It was party night for Rubin Carter, and time to dance for John Artis. "I've lost track of him," said his lawyer, Joseph J. Vanecek of Wayne. [21], Asked to account for these differences at the trial, the prosecution produced a second report, allegedly lodged 75 minutes after the murders which recorded the two rounds. Jim Lawless had spent much of the previous six hours collecting evidence and interviewing witnesses at the Waltz Inn. And in Harlem, Malcolm X had been gunned down by three black men, one of whom was from Paterson. In late 1974, Bello and Bradley both separately recanted their testimony, revealing that they had lied in order to receive sympathetic treatment from the police. Artis said he needed a ride home and remembers Carter telling him he had to "earn" his ride meaning that Artis would have to drive Carter home, too. For prosecutors, this mere coming together of Rawls, Carter, and Artis became the basis for what they later called their "racial revenge theory" to explain the killings at the Lafayette Grill. He then ranked third on The Rings list for the contenders of the world middleweight title. He played several bouts for the United States Army. He faced four courts-martial for various discipline-related offences and was discharged from the army after being branded unfit for service.. His flamboyant lifestyle (Carter frequented the city's nightclubs and bars) and juvenile record rankled the police, as did the vehement statements he had allegedly made advocating violence in the pursuit of racial justice. According to him, the man he attacked was a pedophile who was trying to molest his friend. Carter, who is 15 years old, is close to his family. He became the executive director of the Association in Defense of the Wrongly Convicted (AIDWYC). Rubin's original 1966 conviction for an apparently motiveless triple murder was based on palpably inadequate evidence and came at a time when he was a contender for the world middleweight title.. Born in nearby Clifton to Bertha and Lloyd Carter, Rubin grew up in. However, variances in descriptions given by Valentine and Bello, the physical characteristics of the attackers provided by the two survivors, lack of forensic evidence, and the timeline provided by the police were key factors in the conviction being overturned in 1985. [citation needed], The defense responded with testimony from multiple witnesses who identified Carter at the locations he claimed to be at when the murders took place. Carter and Artis, a decade apart in age, knew each other both acknowledge that. Rubin Carter, Eye of the Hurricane: My Path from Darkness to Freedom 1 likes Like "The old monk looked amusedly at the young one and said, "Perhaps it is you who should tell me how it feels to carry a beautiful woman. In the meantime, Carter, the former Redskins defensive line coach (1999-2000), has other football news about which to get excited. The next day, when she arrived home and was told of her husband's killing, grandson Tom Vicedomini remembers that she walked silently upstairs and donned a black dress. [20] Carter and Artis voluntarily appeared before a grand jury, which found there was no case to answer. "My mom only got to the third grade, and my dad only made it to the ninth grade," said Artis. Over the next nine years, a number of appeals were made in the New Jersey courts, but they did not succeed. "Rubin Carter is an evil man in love's clothing," said Valentine. In an op-ed article in The Daily News, published on February 21, 2014, and entitled Hurricane Carter's Dying Wish, Carter wrote about McCallum's case and his own life: If I find a heaven after this life, Ill be quite surprised. Deal says he has traced the movements of Carter's car on the night of the shootings and concludes that Carter and Artis were the killers. In 1963, he married Mae Thelma Basket. The Ominous Night Carter was married in 1963 and soon after he and his wife, Mae Thelma, had a daughter named Theodora. [37], The prosecutors appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which declined to hear the case. He and Artis were questioned, given inconclusive lie detector tests, and, when the shooting's survivor failed to identify Carter, released again. Martin was living with a group of Canadians who had formed an entrepreneurial commune and had taken on the responsibilities for his education. Revisiting the Hurricane Carter murder case: Son resurrects his detective father's memoir, Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. Copies sent to celebrities such as Muhammad Ali and Dylan attracted support, and after Bello and Bradley recanted their identifications, in 1976 the state supreme court overturned his conviction. Rubin Carter and his first wife, Mae Thelma, divorced in 1984; together, the couple had a son and daughter. "If I had done anything illegal or immoral or unethical, I would have been given two things an indictment and a pink slip.". [34], In 1985, Carter's attorneys filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in federal court. Beginning in 1980, Carter developed a relationship with Lesra Martin, a teenager from a Brooklyn . His record was 17-4 when, in 1963, he surprised welterweight champion Emile Griffith with a first-round knockout. "It was headquarters," recalls Jim Lawless, now 72, retired, and living in Fort Pierce, Florida, after rising to the rank of deputy chief in the Paterson Police Department. [citation needed], In March 2012, while attending the International Justice Conference in Burswood, Western Australia, Carter revealed that he had terminal prostate cancer. If I was bitter, that would mean they won. In the minutes after the shootings, Bello told police only that the gunmen were black. He died in 1973 of causes unrelated to the shootings. He worked for the wrongly convicted. He and Peters were married, but the couple separated when Carter moved out of the commune. A detective taped one interrogation of Bello in 1966, and when it was played during the recantation hearing, defense attorneys argued that the tape revealed promises beyond what Bello had testified to. Movie TieIn. The man of love, former boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, who died yesterday at 76, rubbed his hands nervously, managing a meek smile as Washington spoke while patting him on the back. Please don't shoot me,'" Tanis' daughter, Barbara Burns, now 55, recalls her mother telling her later in the hospital. His father tracked squirrels and raccoons to feed the family in a United States crippled by the Great Depression of the 1930s. [16] He ran from them, and they got into a white car that was double-parked near the Lafayette. In 1966, at the height of his boxing career, Carter was twice wrongfully convicted of a triple murder and imprisoned for nearly two decades. Boxer Muhammad Ali lent his support to the campaign (including publicly wishing Carter good luck on his appeal during his appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson in September 1973). On the floor of the front seat, they said, they found an unused .32-caliber cartridge. The memoir, which was never published, was titled "The Media Meddlers.". On the other side, Carter biographer James Hirsch says Carter's and Artis' movements actually prove their innocence. Near one end of the bar, he remembers hearing Tanis groan in pain. After Lawless entered the bar, other detectives arrived to take over. From 1993 to 2005, Carter served as executive director of the Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted (later rebranded as Innocence Canada). He fled from the reformatory in 1954 and was able to join the U.S. Army where he was deployed to . Perhaps most controversial, however, was a 1964 profile of Carter in the Saturday Evening Post just before his middleweight title fight. By 1966, Carter was well known in Paterson and not just as a boxer. Did Rubin "Hurricane" Carter and John Artis brutally kill two people and fatally wound a third there on a June night in 1966? In 1999, widespread interest in the story of Carter was revived with a major motion picture, The Hurricane, directed by Norman Jewison and starring Washington. "What's the likelihood that there would be two white cars with blue and gold license plates in that part of Paterson at that hour?". But most nights, he headed for a club where he could show off his dancing skills. Both the surviving victims reported that the shooters were black males, but they could not identify Carter or Artis. His aggressive style and punching power (resulting in many early-round knockouts) drew attention, establishing him as a crowd favorite and earning him the nickname "Hurricane". In 1974, the New Jersey public defenders office received recantations from the witnesses, Bello and Bradley. Rubin "Hurricane" Carter has died. When the police cruiser arrived at the border, no car was in sight. No facilities to test for gunshot residue were available then, and no fingerprints were taken. Stadium, Annapolis, Maryland, US, Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted (later rebranded as Innocence Canada, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey, Association in Defence of the Wrongly Convicted, Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese, Golden Globe Award for Best Actor Motion Picture Drama, List of wrongful convictions in the United States, "Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter still fighting long after boxing days pass", "Rubin 'The Hurricane' Carter - obituary", "The Hurricane: the facts of Rubin Carter's life story are beaten to a pulp | Film | The Guardian", "Newsmaker / Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter: Film of his life a contender", "Supreme Court Refuses to Revive Hurricane Carter's Murder Case", "Microsoft Word - Valentine 1967 Trial Testi.doc", "1975 rolling Thunder by ellan Revue, 7 December 1975, Trenton Jail", "826 F2d 1299 Carter v. J Rafferty I Artis", "Testimony Supports Rubin Carter's Alibi", "Rubin Carter Jury Hears Investigator Deny Bribe Offers", "An Ex-Associate of Rubin Carter Charges 'Pressure' by Prosecution", "Woman claims 'Hurricane' movie left out boxer's attack", "Court Urged to Return Rubin Carter to Prison", "U.S. Court Refuses to Order Rubin Carter Back to Prison", "Judge Drops Murder Charges in the Hurricane Carter Case", "Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter continues to stand for what is right", "Queensville Journal; Jailed in Killing, He's Guilty Only of Being a Misfit", "World News Briefs; American Boxer May Sue Toronto Police for Arrest", "Wrongly convicted boxer's cancer battle", "Rubin (Hurricane) Carter faces a lonely last fight against cancer", "Rubin "Hurricane" Carter has died at 76", "Boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter Dies at 76", "Rubin (Hurricane) Carter, Boxer Found Wrongly Convicted, Dies at 76", "John Artis, Convicted with Rubin (Hurricane) Carter, Dies at 75", "Renaldo Clara (1978) 'Renaldo and Clara,' Film by Bob Dylan:Rolling Thunder", "Dare To Dream: Rubin "Hurricane" Carter Shares His Thoughts", "Doubts, errors, unknowns still haunt the case of 'Hurricane' Carter, John Artis", "Two in Court Recant 1967 Testimony That Helped Convict Carter and Artis", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubin_Carter&oldid=1142745417, Overturned convictions in the United States, Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by New Jersey, Canadian people of African-American descent, 20th-century African-American sportspeople, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using embedded infobox templates with the title parameter, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Pages with login required references or sources, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 03:51. As a boxer, Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, who has died aged 76, was a middleweight Sonny Liston, an ex-convict whose only skill seemed to be inflicting hurt, which made him all the more intimidating to opponents. On the night of June 16, Artis put on a light blue mohair sweater with his initials monogrammed on the breast, light-blue pants, and gold suede loafers. Their suspicions were not just based on a hunch, though. Rubin "Hurricane" Carter, the boxer whose wrongful murder conviction became an international symbol of racial injustice and inspired Bob Dylan's 1975 song "Hurricane,", died Sunday. The story inspired the 1975 Bob Dylan song "Hurricane" and the 1999 film The Hurricane, starring Denzel Washington as Carter. Rubin Carter. Artis had been paroled in 1981, and since Carter might be eligible soon, after losing appeals New Jersey declined to prosecute a third time. Witnesses, including shooting victim Willie Marins, described the gunmen as light-skinned, thin, black men, both about 6 feet tall, wearing dark clothing, and with one having a pencil-thin mustache. At the trial, he testified he was approaching the Lafayette when two black males, one with a shotgun, the other a pistol, came around the corner. Bitterness only consumes the vessel that contains it. The story of his plight attracted the attention and support of many luminaries, including Dylan, who visited Carter in prison, wrote the song "Hurricane" (included on his 1976 album, Desire), and played it at every stop of his Rolling Thunder Revue tour. Newark's devastating riots were still a year away, the assassination of the Rev. He was sent to a reformatory, but he escaped and joined the United States Army, where he trained to be a boxer. Rubin Carter, boxer, born 6 May 1937; died 20 April 2014, American boxer whose fight against the injustice of his life sentence for a triple murder was taken up by Bob Dylan in his 1975 protest song Hurricane, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Rubin 'Hurricane' Carter, left, fighting Gomeo Brennan in New York in 1963. Among other things, Carter reportedly suggested to a friend that they "get guns and go up there and get us some of those police.". [44], Carter often served as a motivational speaker. Hogan was asked on cross examinations whether any bribes or inducements were offered to Bello to secure his recantation, which Hogan denied. Carter resigned when the AIDWYC declined to support Carter's protest of the appointment (to a judgeship) of Susan MacLean, who was the prosecutor of Canadian Guy Paul Morin,[42] who served over eighteen months in prison for rape and murder until exonerated by DNA evidence. Also odd or morbid is what Bello did before police arrived at the Lafayette. Mar 10, 2010 at 05:58 AM. On Thursday, June 16, Carter spent the day assembling boxing equipment and packing his rental car, a 1966 white Dodge Polara with blue and gold New York plates. A short while later, local boxer Rubin Carter and his friend John Artis were . When questioned, both told police the shooters had been black males, but neither identified Carter or John Artis. They were unable to explain why, having that evidence, the police released the men, or why standard 'bag and tag' procedure was not followed. In 1966, at the height of his boxing career, Carter was twice wrongfully convicted of a triple murder and imprisoned for nearly two decades. His past criminal record and his solid frame (5 feet 8 inches and 155 pounds) added to his forceful image. What happened with Carter and Artis over the next six hours is open to all manner of speculation even today. Carter landed a few solid rights to the head in the fourth round that left Giardello staggering, but was unable to follow them up, and Giardello took control of the fight in the fifth round. The bartender of the Lafayette Bar and Grill and a customer had died on the spot. Sometime between 2 and 2:30 a.m., Carter and Artis found themselves together at the Nite Spot. He was a little too young.". But the police say Tanis chose photos of other men hence, another thread of mystery. The question still rings as lively today as it did 34 years ago. Finally home, after a long day, a Paterson police detective with a name that bespoke a humorous irony for his profession picked up the receiver. In 1966, a year before massive riots in nearby Newark changed its makeup forever, Paterson was a town strictly divided between races. Carter's car seemed to match Valentine's and Bello's descriptions of the getaway car right down to the distinctive butterfly description of the taillight chrome that both reportedly gave to police. This made the police suspect that the shootout was arranged in retaliation. They had two sons. Now, the fans want to catch up with what he's been up to after the show. For the American Football player of the same name, see, Orlando Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa, Honolulu International Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, US, Civic Arena, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US, Wembley Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa, Olympic Auditorium, Los Angeles, California, US, Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US, Royal Albert Hall, Kensington, London, England, Convention Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US, Sports Arena, Los Angeles, California, US, St. Nicholas Arena, New York City, New York, US, Gladiators' Arena, Totowa, New Jersey, US, Alhambra A.C., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US, American Legion Arena, Reading, Pennsylvania, US, Navy-Marine Corps Mem. "The code meant that we had been cleared by DeSimone. "To DeSimone and his acolytes, two cold-blooded murderers were freed. Valentine and Bello said the rear lights lit up across the back of the getaway car. After the killings, the Panagia family never reopened the Lafayette Grill. He would win only seven of his next 14 fights, losing six and tying one. Today, Hogan says he offered no money to witnesses. Approximately 10 minutes after the shots were fired, Sergeant Theodore Capter of the Paterson Police Department stopped 29-year-old Rubin "Hurricane" Carter's white Dodge Polara. On October 14, 2005, he received two honorary Doctorates of Law, one from York University (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) and one from Griffith University (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia), in recognition of his work with AIDWYC and the Innocence Project. He was predeceased by his brothers. Despite the fact that his father was a deacon in the Baptist church, Rubin was in and out of trouble for much . Police say that just after the 2:34 a.m. call to headquarters about a shooting, a police cruiser heading toward the Lafayette Grill spotted a white car with New York license plates, followed by a black car, speeding along 12th Avenue in a direction that might have been heading toward Route 4. He died on April 20, 2014, at his home in Toronto, Canada. After the birth of their second son, Mae Thelma divorced him on the grounds of infidelity. [43], Carter's second marriage was to Lisa Peters.[when?] The lights were on, he recalls. Two men nursed drinks as they sat on bar stools. On a fund-raising trip the following month, Kelley said the boxer beat her severely over a disputed hotel bill. Join our commenting forum. .To live in a world where truth matters and justice, however late, really happens, that world would be heaven enough for us all.. Patricia Valentine now lives in Florida, and recently released a statement through the anti-Carter websitesaying that there is "absolutely no doubt in my mind" that the car she identified 34 years ago on Lafayette Street was Carter's. "It was", Carter said, "the worst beating that I took in my lifeinside or outside the ring". But at the scene, police were interviewing two other witnesses who would play integral and controversial roles in the case. Rubin Carter was born on May 6, 1937, in Clifton, New Jersey, US, and grew up in Passaic and Paterson, New Jersey. [15], Bello later admitted he was in the area acting as a lookout while an accomplice, Arthur Bradley, broke into a nearby warehouse. Two months later, he was indicted for murder. Although the police say they found the shotgun shell and bullet the night of the shootings, they did not log the items in as evidence until five days later. Despite this oral report, Harrelson's subsequent written report stated that Bello's 1967 testimony had been truthful. Another type of Dodge the Monaco had across-the-back butterfly lights. Four months later, they were charged with the murders. In 1965, however, Carter opted not to march with King in Selma, Alabama, because he feared he couldn't adhere to King's strategy of non-violence. While in the jail, he wrote and published his autobiography, The Sixteenth Round, which was published in 1975 by Warner Books., In 1993, Carter received an honorary championship title belt from the World Boxing Council. He was inducted into the New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame. In October 2005, he received two honorary Doctorates of Law, one from York University (Toronto, Canada) and another from Griffith University (Brisbane, Australia), for his work with the AIDWYC and Innocence International.. Artis was also looking to have a good time. Carter was in the rear, lying on the seat. Valentine says that when she heard gunshots and a woman's voice scream "no," she looked out the window and saw two black men escape in a white car.
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